20 Mienzaniso yeMasero eSomatic - Encyclopedia

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Zvemukati

Mienzaniso yesomatic maseru

Iyosomatic masero ndizvo izvo izvo inoumba huwandu hwese hwenyama uye nhengo dzemuviri wezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, musiyano kubva pabonde kana hutachiona masero (mitambo) uye embryonic masero (masero masero). Maseru ese anoita matishu, iyo nhengo uye iwo anotenderera muropa uye nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvisiri zvekubereka, somatic masero.

Iyi mutsauko haingori chete mune chaiyo yemabasa avo, asi zvakare mune izvo izvo somatic maseru idiploid mhandondiko kuti, ane maviri akateedzana e kromosomu mune iro huwandu hweruzivo rwemunhu hunowanikwa.

A) Hongu, majini ezvese masomatic maseru akafanana zvakafanana. Pane kudaro, maseru epabonde kana mitambo vane zvakasarudzika zvemukati magene, nekuda kwechimiro chisina kujairika chekudzokororwa kwemajini panguva yekusikwa kwavo, iyo isingamiriri chinhu chinopfuura hafu yeruzivo rwakazara rwemunhu.

Muchokwadi, hunyanzvi hwe cloning inoumbwa nekutora mukana weiri renji mutoro uripo mune chero sero remuviri wechipenyu, chimwe chinhu chisingagone kuitwa nourume kana zai, sezvo izvi zvinoenderana pane mumwe nemumwe kupedzisa ruzivo rwechibereko chemunhu mutsva.

Mienzaniso yesomatic maseru

Myocyte. Iri ndiro zita rinopihwa kumasero anoumba mhasuru dzakasiyana dzemuviri, zvese kumagumo uye pachipfuva uye kunyangwe moyo. Aya maseru ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve nehukuru hwakasimba hunovabvumira kuti vazorore uye vadzokere chimiro chavo chepakutanga, nekudaro achibvumira kufamba uye simba.
Epithelial masero. Ivo vanovhara kumukati nekunze kumeso kwemuviri, kuumba huwandu hunonzi epithelium kana epidermis, iyo inosanganisira zvimwe zvikamu zveganda uye mucous membranes. Iyo inodzivirira muviri nenhengo kubva kune zvekunze zvinhu, kazhinji uchivanza mamukisi kana zvimwe zvinhu.
Erythrocytes (masero matsvuku eropa). Pasina nucleus uye mitochondria muvanhu, masero eropa aya anopihwa hemoglobin (iyo inopa ropa ruvara rwayo rutsvuku) kutakura oxygen yakakosha kumatanho akasiyana emuviri. Mimwe mhando zhinji ine masero matsvuku eropa ane nucleus, seshiri.
Leukocytes (chena masero eropa). Masero ekudzivirira uye ekudzivirira emuviri, anotarisira kubata nevamiriri vekunze zvinogona kukonzera chirwere kana hutachiona. Kazhinji vanoshanda kumedza miviri yekune dzimwe nyika uye vachibvumira kudzingwa kwavo kuburikidza neakasiyana maitiro ekuburitsasenge weti, mutsvina, mamasi, nezvimwe.
Neurons. Maseru etsinga anoumba kwete chete huropi, asiwo musana wesipinha uye akasiyana mitezo magumo, ndivo vane basa rekutapurirana mafambiro emagetsi anowanisa mhasuru yemuviri nemamwe masisitimu akakosha. Ivo vanoumba hombe neural network kubva pakubatana kweayo madendrite.
Thrombocytes (maplatelet). Zvimedu zveCytoplasmic, zvinopfuura maseru, zvisina kujairika uye zvisina nucleus, zvakajairika kune zvese zvipuka uye zvinotamba zvakakosha mukukura uye mukuumbwa kwetrombi kana kugwamba. Kushomeka kwayo kunogona kukonzera kubuda ropa.
Canes kana donje buds. Masero aripo mu retina yeziso remammalian uye anozadzisa mafotoreceptor mabasa, akabatana nekuratidzwa mune yakaderera mwenje mamiriro.
Chondrocyte. Ivo mhando yesero inosanganisa shwashwa, kupi gadzira collagens uye proteoglycans, zvinhu zvinotsigira shwashwa. Kunyangwe zvichikosha pakuvapo kwetikaradhi, ivo vanongoita chete 5% yehukuru hwayo.
Osteocytes. Iwo maseru anogadzira mapfupa, pamwe ne ma osteoclast, anobva kumaosteoblast uye anotendera kukura kwemapfupa. Vasingakwanise kupatsanura, vanoita basa rakakosha mukuparadzanisa uye kudzoreredza kwematrix epfupa akakomberedza..
Hepatocytes. Aya ndiwo masero echiropa, sefa reropa uye neiyo muviri. Ivo vanoumba iyo parenchyma (Dzichipfekeka zvinyama) kuti nhengo iyi inokosha, secreting kuti bile zvakakodzera kuti zvomudumbu pezvakaitwa uye kubvumira akasiyana metabolic macirculist eiyo muviri.
Masero eplasma. Aya ndiwo masero ekudzivirira, akadai semasero machena eropa, yeiyo anosiyaniswa nehukuru hwayo uye nekuti ivo vane basa rekuviga kwe masoja ekudzivirira chirwere (immunoglobulins): zvinhu zveproteini kurongeka zvakakosha kuti uone iyo mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi nemitumbi yekunze iriko mumuviri.
Adipocytes. Iwo maseru anogadzira adipose (mafuta) tishu, inokwanisa kuchengeta huwandu hwakawanda hwe triglycerides mukati, zvichiita kuva donhwe remafuta. Kune akati matura e lipids Iyo inoshandiswazve apo mwero yeglucose muropa inoderera uye zvinodikanwa kuenda kumatura emagetsi kuti uenderere mberi nemabasa emuviri. Ehezve, akaunganidzwa mukuwandisa, aya mafuta anogona kumiririra dambudziko pachawo.
Fibroblasts. Masero eiyo inosangana matishu, ayo anogadzira mukati memuviri uye anopa rutsigiro kunhengo dzakasiyana siyana. Iyo yakasarudzika chimiro uye hunhu zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yayo uye mashandiro, akakosha mukugadzirisa matishu; asi mumitsara yakawandisa iwo maseru ekuvandudzwa kweaya akabatanidza tambo.
Megakaryocytes. Aya makuru maseru, akati wandei nuclei uye ramifications, sangana matishu hematopoietic (vagadziri vemasero eropa) kubva mumongo wepfupa uye dzimwe nhengo. Ivo vane basa rekugadzira maplatelet kana thrombocyte kubva kuzvidimbu zveyavo cytoplasm.
Macrophage. Masero anodzivirira akafanana nemaLymphocyte, asi akagadzirwa kubva kumamonocytes anogadzirwa nemongo wemapfupa. Ivo chikamu chekutanga chekudzivirira chipingamupinyi, chichifukidza chero muviri wekunze (pathogen kana marara) kubvumidza iyo neutralization uye kugadzirisa. Ivo akakosha munzira yekuzvimba nekugadzirisa matishu, kumedza maseru akafa kana kukuvara.
Melanocyte. Ipa paganda, Aya maseru anokonzera kugadzirwa kwemelanin, chinhu chinopa ganda ruvara uye rinochidzivirira pamwaranzi yezuva. Zvebasa reizvi masero kusimba kweganda pigment kunoenderana, saka mashandiro aro anosiyana zvinoenderana nerudzi.
Pneumocytes. Maseru akasarudzika anowanikwa mupulmonary alveoli, yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwe mapapu anoshanda: chinhu chinoderedza kusagadzikana kwealveolar mumapapu panguva yekudzingwa kwemhepo uye zvakare inozadzisa immune immune mabasa.
Sertoli masero. Inowanikwa mune seminiferous machubhu ema testes, ivo vanopa metabolic tsigiro uye tsigiro kumasero anoitisa kugadzirwa kwehurume.. Ivo vanoisa huwandu hwakanaka hwehormone uye zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugadzirira kwemageteti uye kudzora mashandiro emaLeydig maseru.
Masero eLeydig. Aya maseru ari mukati mema testes, uko kwavanogadzira yakakosha pabonde mahormone mumurume murume: testosterone, inodikanwa kuti ishandiswe yekukura pabonde mune vechidiki.
Glial masero. Masero emhasuru yetsinga inopa rutsigiro uye rubatsiro kune mauroni. Basa rayo kudzora ionic uye biochemical mamiriro eiyo microcellular nharaunda., Kudzivirira nzira chaiyo yekushandurwa kwemagetsi emagetsi.